Essential Regex Patterns and Their Uses
| Pattern | Description | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| \\d | Matches any digit (0-9) | Extract numbers from text |
| \\w | Matches word characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _) | Validate usernames, identifiers |
| \\s | Matches any whitespace character | Find or replace spaces, tabs |
| . | Matches any single character except newline | Wildcards, flexible matching |
| [a-z] | Matches any lowercase letter | Validate text format |
| + | Matches one or more of the preceding element | Ensure at least one occurrence |
| * | Matches zero or more of the preceding element | Optional or repeated elements |
| ^ | Matches the start of the string | Validate beginning of string |
| $ | Matches the end of the string | Validate end of string |
Regular expressions (regex) are powerful patterns used to match, search, and manipulate text. They're essential tools for developers, data scientists, and content managers dealing with text processing tasks.
Key Components:
- Literal Characters: Match themselves exactly (e.g., "cat" matches "cat")
- Special Characters: Have special meaning (e.g., dot ".", star "*", question mark "?")
- Character Classes: Match one of several characters (e.g., "[abc]" matches "a", "b", or "c")
- Anchors: Position matches at specific locations (e.g., "^" start, "$" end)
Matching Text
Method: Find occurrences of a pattern in text
Extracting Data
Method: Use capturing groups (parentheses) to extract specific parts
Validating Input
Method: Use anchors and strict patterns to ensure full match
Replacing Text
Method: Find matches and replace with new content
Web Development
Form validation, URL routing, parsing HTML/XML, sanitizing user input, and scraping data.
Data Analysis
Extracting structured data from unstructured text, cleaning datasets, and pattern recognition.
Security
Detecting SQL injection, cross-site scripting attempts, and validating secure password patterns.
Content Management
Finding and replacing text, formatting documents, and processing large volumes of text efficiently.
| Quantifier | Description | Example | Matches |
|---|---|---|---|
| * | Zero or more | a* | "", "a", "aa", "aaa" |
| + | One or more | a+ | "a", "aa", "aaa" |
| ? | Zero or one | a? | "", "a" |
| {n} | Exactly n times | a3 | "aaa" |
| {n,} | At least n times | a2 | "aa", "aaa", "aaaa" |
| {n,m} | Between n and m times | a{2,4} | "aa", "aaa", "aaaa" |
Pattern: "^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$"
Pattern: "^\(?([0-9]{3})\)?[-.\s]?([0-9]{3})[-.\s]?([0-9]{4})$"
Pattern: "^\d{4}-(0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(0[1-9]|[12]\d|3[01])$"
Pattern: "^https?://[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}(/.*)?$"
Find all matches instead of stopping after the first
Ignore uppercase/lowercase differences
^ and $ match start/end of each line, not just string
Dot (.) matches newline characters too
- Use character classes [A-Za-z] instead of multiple alternatives for simple matches
- Make patterns specific enough to avoid false matches
- Consider performance implications for very large datasets
- Document complex regex patterns for future maintenance